The Middle East region holds a prominent position in the strategic minds of major and superpowers. Therefore, these countries have always had a direct or indirect presence through political, economic, military or cultural fields with the countries of the region, through treaties or strategic partnerships. This interest stems from the region’s uniqueness as a transportation hub between the three continents (Europe, Asia, Africa), in addition to the presence of many and varied natural resources, most notably energy (oil and gas). China and Russia’s interest stems from the convergence of their common interests and goals towards the Middle East region, and at the same time their competition with the United States over these resources.
The research problem stems from the increasing interest of major powers in the Middle East region, as the rapid international developments witnessed by the international system, and the emergence and rise of other countries, and the events taking place that may threaten their national interests. The return of the Russian Federation, and the peaceful rise of China on the international scene, made both powers take major steps to protect their interests, the continuity of their international relations, and unify their international efforts to stand up to American arrogance.