Self-driving vehicle technology relies on artificial intelligence systems or devices to operate. These systems control the vehicle's navigation on roads through their ability to maneuver and make decisions based on the environmental or traffic conditions they sense in their surroundings while driving. They may not require human intervention. These vehicles collectively offer several benefits, the most significant of which is increasing road safety. The use of this type of vehicle will eliminate human error, which accounts for the highest percentage of vehicle accidents worldwide when driving traditional vehicles. However, the use of these vehicles will not be 100% safe on the roads even after they are made available for commercial use. These vehicles might still cause traffic accidents like other conventional vehicles (albeit to a lesser extent), necessitating the identification of the legal basis for civil liability claims and the responsible party if a self-driving vehicle causes injury to others or damage to their property. Since there is no specific legal system or basis for self-driving vehicles providing a clear answer, the study seeks to explore new forms and images of accountability and responsibility for damages caused by self-driving vehicles and to explain the impact of their systems on legal rules. Therefore, it is necessary to address modern theories to determine their suitability for compensating damages caused by self-driving vehicles and to identify the most appropriate model to ensure maximum compensation for traffic accident victims.