The subject of the contract in the Iraqi and Egyptian civil laws includes the contractual conditions and the resulting contractual effects، as it is the essence of the contract، which focuses on consent، while in the French civil law in the new contract law، it was considered a pillar of the contract added to the consent، in addition to the subject of the legitimate and possible contract Conditions for the validity of the contract under this amendment. This objective determination of the subject of the contract has an impact on defining the concept of the contract. If what the contracting parties agree upon is not subject to change and modification and its elements are implemented as they are، then we will be with the traditional concept of the contract، which depends on the voluntary determination of the subject of the contract. But if the determination of the subject matter of the contract is not limited to the will alone، then we are faced with the evolving concept of the contract whose basis is the legal، not involuntary، determination of the subject of the contract، meaning that what the contracting parties agree upon will be subject to many considerations aimed at achieving contractual justice between the contracting parties.