The increasing scientific and technological progress in all aspects of life, accompanied by the discovery of nuclear energy and the advancement of research in this field, is considered one of the greatest and most dangerous discoveries of our time. It is a double-edged sword; it can be used for peaceful purposes, serving humanity and raising the level of well-being and the economy, especially when used in industry, agriculture, and the diagnosis of intractable diseases. However, it can also be used for military purposes, threatening the lives of millions of people worldwide. Major nuclear powers seek to extend their control and influence over the world and demonstrate a balance of power with other countries that possess nuclear weapons. Since our study focuses on the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, this use should not be unrestrained or unregulated. Therefore, it is essential to address international responsibility for the use of nuclear energy. It is necessary to establish rules for this responsibility that are consistent with this technological progress, ensuring its use according to permissible conditions and rules and minimizing the resulting harm. Furthermore, it is crucial to draw the attention of nations to the catastrophic consequences of nuclear explosions, especially when conducting tests. Nuclear pollution resulting from nuclear tests conducted in the high seas and underground is a problem that threatens all elements of the ecosystem, including humans.