AL-Qadisiya Journal For Law and Political Sciences

The Legal Regulation of Electronic Commercial Papers: A Comparative Legal Study

https://doi.org/10.63677/jqlap.2026.170199.1569
Volume 17, Issue: 2 part 1
Summer 2026
Pages 559-572
AL-Qadisiya Journal For Law and Political Sciences

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Fawzia Dhunoun Muwaffaq
Shaimaa Fawzi Ahmed
Maha Ramzi Muhammad Ali

College of Law / University of Mosul

Abstract
Electronic commercial papers are a manifestation of e-commerce that has recently become widespread. They serve as a means of fulfilling financial obligations and a type of electronic payment. These digital alternatives to bills of exchange, transfers, and checks are created electronically and possess specific characteristics that distinguish them from traditional commercial papers. However, they retain the same legal force as traditional commercial papers. The Iraqi Electronic Signature Law No. 78 of 2012 permits the electronic creation of these papers. Despite their significant practical benefits, these papers face some challenges in their practical application, necessitating the development of a legal framework that clarifies their legal provisions, how they are handled, and their methods of execution, similar to traditional commercial papers.
The research adopted the method of analysis and comparison between the Iraqi Electronic Signature Law No. 78 of 2012, the Iraqi Electronic Commerce System No. 4 of 2025, the Egyptian Electronic Signature Law No. (15) of 2004, and Law No. (64) of 2021 on Electronic Transactions and Emirati Trust Services.

Keywords

Commercial paper
electronic
credit
trading
commerce
Subjects
  • Receive Date 17 March 2026
  • Revise Date 07 April 2026
  • Accept Date 22 April 2026

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