Food is among the most traded and essential commodities. Considering that the war between Russia and Ukraine is a conflict between two major agricultural powers globally, it carries various negative economic and social impacts felt worldwide currently, which may worsen, especially concerning global food security. If the war deepens, the food crisis may exacerbate, posing challenges for many countries, especially those reliant on food imports, such as countries in the Middle East and North Africa (the Arab region). Simultaneously, the war comes at an inopportune time for global food markets due to already high food prices stemming from disruptions in supply chains caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, strong global demand, and poor agricultural seasons in some countries.
Understanding how conflict disruptions impact global food and fertilizer markets in terms of prices and availability is crucial for comprehending their comprehensive impact on global food security. Moreover, after over two years of war, its effects on global food security indicate the urgency and necessity of this research. With Ukrainian exports halted and Russian exports diminished due to imposed sanctions, rising fertilizer costs could indeed reduce their usage, consequently lowering agricultural crop productivity and consumption. The research may yield several conclusions, including solutions and strategies to mitigate supply chain disruptions, such as alternative food raw materials and technologically innovative supply chain partners to ensure food safety and quality during wartime.